Textile Dictionary ,WORDS W

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1. WALE: 1. In knit fabrics, a column of loops lying lengthwise within the fabric. the amount of wales per inch may be a measure of the fineness of the material . 2. In woven fabrics, one among a series of ribs, cords, etc., running either warp wise or filling wise.

2. WARP: 1. The set of yarn altogether woven fabrics, that runs lengthwise and parallel to the selvage and is interwoven with the filling. 2. The sheet of yarns wound together on a beam for the aim of weaving or warps knitting.

3. WARP PILE: the additional set of warp yarns that forms the surface during a double-woven pile fabric, including types like velvet and velour. Upholstery fabrics like mohair, plush, and frieze are produced by this method. 

4. WASHFASTNESS: The resistance of a dyed fabric to loss of color or change in properties during home or commercial laundering.

5. WASTE: By-products created within the manufacture of fibers, yarns, and fabrics.

6. WATERPROOF: A term applied to materials that are impermeable to water; waterproof fabrics have had all their pores closed and also are impermeable to air and really uncomfortable.

7. WATER-REPELLENT: A term applied to fabrics which will shed water but are permeable to air and cozy to wear. These fabrics are produced by treating the fabric with a resin, wax, or plastic finish that's not completely permanent.

8. WEAK WEB: an internet of fiber that, when being transferred from the cardboard doffer to the calendar rolls to make sliver, doesn't have sufficient strength from fiber cohesion or clinging entanglement to carry itself together while forming endless bridge in processing.

9. WEAR TEST: A test for cloth wear, abrasion, flexibility, washing, crushing, creasing, etc., in

which the material is formed into a garment, worn for a selected time, then assessed for performance.

10. WEATHER-OMETER: An instrument utilized in measuring the weather resistance of textiles. It can simulate various weather like sunlight, rain, dew, and thermal shock. Weathering is accelerated to the degree that the consequences of years of normal use are attained in just a couple of days.

11. WEAVE: A system or pattern of intersecting warp and filling yarns. There are three basic two dimensional weaves: plain, twill, and satin. All other weaves are derived from one or more of those types. 

12. WEB: 1. The wide film of fibers that's delivered from the cardboard . 2. an identical product of other web-forming equipment, like that formed by air deposition and wont to make nonwoven fabrics. 3. A term loosely used for lightweight nonwoven fabrics.

13. WEFT INSERTION: 1. anybody of the varied methods, shuttle, rapier, water jet, etc., for creating a pick during weaving. 2. a wedding of warp knitting and weaving caused by inserting a length of yarn across the width of the knitting elements and fastening the weft yarn between the needle loop and therefore the under lap. 

14. WELT: 1. A finished edge on knit goods, especially hosiery. In women’s stockings, it's a good band knitted from heavier yarn than the leg and folded thereon . 2. alittle cord covered with fabric and sewn along a seam or border to feature strength. 3. A seam made by folding the material double, generally over a cord, and sewing it. 4. A term sometimes used for piqué.

15. WET FORMING: the assembly of a nonwoven fabric web from an aqueous suspension of fibers by filtering the short fibers onto a screen belt or perforated drum.

16. WET STRENGTH: The measurement of the strength of a cloth when it's saturated with water, normally relative to the dry strength.

17. WHIPCORD: A compact woven fabric having a really steep twill on the face of the products . Whipcord is employed in dress woolens, worsteds, or wool blends and in many sorts of uniforms.

18. WHIPPED CREAM: a kind of crepe fabric produced from false-twist textured polyester yarn.

19. WHISKERS: Fine fibrils or crystals from polymers, metals, etc.

20. WHITE GOODS: A broad term describing any goods that are finished within the white conditions.

21. WICKING: 1. Cord, loosely woven or braided tape, or tubing to be dig wicks. 2. Dispersing or spreading of moisture or liquid through a given area, vertically or horizontally; capillarity in material.

22. WIDTH: A horizontal measurement of a cloth . In woven fabric, it's the space from selvage to selvage, and in flat-knit fabric, the space from edge to edge.

23. WILLIAMS UNIT: A wet-processing unit for open-width processing of cloth . the material passes up and down over rollers within the liquor. The unit is widely used for dyeing, washing, pretreating, and after treating.

24. WILTON CARPET: Woven carpet during which the pile yarns are woven in as an integral a part of the carpet, being held in situ by the filling, usually made on a loom with a Jacquard head

25. WINDING: Winding is that the process of transferring yarn or thread from one sort of package to a different to facilitate subsequent processing.

26. WINDOW PANING: a cloth defect caused by nonuniform yarn. When thin sections of yarn become grouped together, the resultant increase within the transparency of the material is named window paning.

27. WIND RATIO: the amount of wraps that an end or ends make in traversing from one side of a wound package to the opposite side and back to the primary side.

28. WOOD GRAIN: a cloth defect that consists of fillingwise streaks resembling the irregular appearance of wood grain in lumber. Wood grain is typically caused by strained filling in quilling, the strain being more pronounced near the butt of the quill.

29. WOOD PULP: The cellulosic staple for viscose and for acetate.

30. WOOL: The term is typically used for the fleece of sheep, but consistent with the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act, wool is defined for purposes of labeling as: “The fiber from the fleece of the sheep or lamb or hair of the Angora or Cashmere goat (and may include the socalled specialty fibers from the hair of the camel, alpaca, llama, and vicuna) which has never been reclaimed from any woven or felted wool product.”

31. WOOLEN CARD: a kind of roller card utilized in the woolen spinning system, usually consisting of three cards in tandem: the breaker, intermediate, and finisher sections.

32. WOOLEN COUNT: the 2 systems wont to determine woolen yarn counts within the U.S. are the run system and therefore the cut system. The run system features a standard of 1600 yards per hand, while the cut system is predicated on 300 yards per hank.

33. WOOLEN CUT: A woolen yarn measure. A 1-cut woolen yarn has 300 yards in one pound of yarn.

34. WOOLEN RUN: A woolen yarn measure. A 1-run woolen yarn has 1,600 yards in one pound of yarn, a 2-run yarn has 3,200 yards, and so on.

35. WOOLEN SYSTEM: the elemental system of creating yarns for woolen fabrics. In yarns spun on the woolen system, the fibers aren't parallel but are crossed in what appears to be a haphazard arrangement. After blending, fibers produced on the woolen system are evenly distributed in carding on two, three, or maybe four cards. From here, the split web, called roving, goes to the spinning machine . additionally to wool, manufactured fibers, cotton, wastes, and noils are often processed on the woolen system. generally , the fibers used are shorter and more highly crimped than those used on the worsted system and are of the sort which will be fulled.

36. WORSTED: A general term applied to fabrics and yarns from combed wool and wool blends. Worsted yarn is smooth-surfaced, and spun from evenly combed long staple. Worsted fabric is formed from worsted yarns and is tightly woven with a smooth, pave , Gabardine and serge are samples of worsted fabrics.

37. WORSTED CARD: a kind of roller card user for worsted-system processing. it always comprises two cards in tandem; the unit features a roller that carries the stock from the primary card to the feed-in of the second card.

38. WORSTED COUNT: A woolen yarn measure. A 1’s worsted yarn has 560 yards in one pound of yarn.

39. WORSTED SYSTEM: A system of textile processing for manufacturing spun yarns from staple fibers usually over 3 inches long . the most operations are carding, combing, drafting, and spinning. There are three basic systems of worsted yarn spinning: the Bradford (or English system), the French (Alsatian or Continental system), and therefore the American system.

40. WOVEN FABRIC: Generally wont to ask fabric composed of two sets of yarns, warp and filling, that's formed weaving, which is that the interlacing of those sets of yarns. However, there are woven fabrics during which three sets of yarn are wont to provides a triaxial weave. In two-dimensional woven, there could also be two or more warps and fillings during a fabric, counting on the complexity of the development . the way during which the 2 sets of yarns are interlaced determines the weave. By using various combinations of the three basic weaves, plain, twill, and satin, it's possible to supply an almost unlimited sort of constructions. Other effects could also be obtained by varying the sort of yarns, filament or spun, and therefore the fiber types, twist levels, etc.

41. WRINKLE RECOVERY: That property of a cloth that permits it to get over folding deformations.

42. WRINKLE RESISTANCE: That property of a cloth that permits it to resist the formation of wrinkles when subjected to a folding deformation. Wrinkle resistance during a fabric may be a desirable attribute, but it's not easily measured quantitatively. Wrinkle resistance varies from quite low in many fabrics to very high in resilient fabrics. so as to make a wrinkle, a fabric’s wrinkle resistance must be overcome. the material may, however, produce strains and store P.E. which will become evident as wrinkle recovery under suitable conditions.