Textile Dictionary ,WORDS C

 

C

1.     Calico: Calico is a type of fabric made from unbleached, and often not fully processed, cotton. Also referred to a type of Printing.

2.     Cambric: Cambric is a lightweight cotton cloth used as fabric for lace and needlework.

3.    Camel’s hair: Camel’s hair is a natural fiber from the camel. Camel hair can produce a variety of different coarseness of yarn. This fiber is a novelty fiber spun by hand-spinners.

4.    Canvas: Canvas is a particularly heavy-duty fabric used for creating sails, tents, marquees, and other functions where sturdiness is required. it's also popularly used on fashion handbags.

5.     Canvas work: Canvas work is embroidery on canvas.

6.     Carding: Carding is the processing of brushing raw or washed fibers to prepare them as textiles.

7.     Carpet: A carpet is any loom-woven, felted textile or grass floor covering.

8.     Cashmere: Cashmere is wool from the Cashmere goat.

 

9.     Cabled Yarn: A yarn formed by twisting together two or more plied yarns.

10.  Cabled Twist: A construction of thread, yarn, cord, or rope during which each successive twist is within the same direction opposite the preceding twists; i.e. an S/Z/S, or Z/S/Z construction.

11.  Calendar: machine used in finishing imparting a variety of surface effects to fabrics. A Calendar essentially consists of two or more heavy rollers, sometimes heated, through which the fabric is passed under heavy pressure.

12.  Calendaring: A mechanical finishing process for fabrics used to produce special effects, such as high luster, glazing, moiré, and embossed effects.

13.  Carbon Fiber: A high-tensile fiber or whisker made by heating rayon or polyacrylonitrile fibers or petroleum residues to appropriate temperatures. Fibers could also be 7 to eight microns in diameter and quite 90% carbonized.

14.  Cellulose: Cellulose fiber can be processed to make cellophane and rayon, and more recently modal, a textile derived from beech wood cellulose.

15.  Cheesecloth: Cheesecloth is a loose woven cotton cloth, such as is used in pressing cheese curds.

16.  Chiffon: Chiffon is a sheer fabric made of silk or rayon.

17.  Chino cloth: Chino cloth is a kind of twill fabric, usually made primarily from cotton.

18.  Chintz: Chintz is calico cloth printed with flowers and other devices in different colors. It was originally of Eastern manufacture.

19.  Coir: Coir is a coarse fiber extracted from the fibrous outer shell of a coconut.

20.  Colorfast (colorfast):A textile's ability to maintain its color without running or fading.

21.  Cord: Cord is twisted fiber, usually intermediate between rope and string. It is also used as a shortened form of corduroy.

22.  Corduroy: Corduroy is a durable cloth.

23.  Cotton: Cotton is a soft fiber that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. The fiber is most often spun into thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile.

24.  Cloth: A generic term embracing all textile fabrics and felts. Cloth may be formed out of any textile fiber, wire, or material.

25.  Coated Fabric: a cloth to which a substance like lacquer, plastic, resin, rubber, or varnish has been applied in firmly adhering layers to supply certain properties, like water impermeability.

26.   Coating: the appliance of a semi-liquid material like rubber, PVC , or polyurethane to at least one or each side of the textile material. Once the coating has dried (cured) it forms a bond with the material

27.  Color Abrasion: Color changes in localized areas of a garment resulting from differential wear.

28.  Colorfastness: Resistance to fading, i.e. the ability of a dye to retain its color when the dyed or printed textile material is exposed to conditions or agents such as light, perspiration, atmospheric gases, or washing that can remove color.

29.  Composite:

a)     An article or substance of two or more constituents, generally, with reinforcing elements dispersed in a matrix or continuous phase.

b)     Hard or soft constructions in which the fibers themselves are consolidated to form structures rather than being formed into yarns.

30.  Conditioning: A process of allowing textile materials to reach equilibrium with the surrounding atmosphere.

31.  Cone: A conical package of yarn, usually wound on a disposable paper core.

32.  Coning: The transfer of yarn from skeins or bobbins or other types of packages to cones.

33.  Converter: An individual or organization that buys greige fabrics and sells them as a finished product to cutters, wholesalers, retailers, and others. The converter arranges for the finishing of the fabric.

34.  Core Spinning: The process of making a core-spun yarn. It consists of feeding the core yarn into the front delivery roll of the spinning frame and of covering the core yarn with a sheath of fibers during the spinning operation.

35.  Core-Spun Yarn: A yarn made by twisting fibers around a filament or a previously spun yarn, thus concealing the core.

36.   Creel: A framework arranged to carry slivers, roving, or yarns in order that many ends are often withdrawn smoothly and evenly without tangling.

37.  Creeling: The mounting of supply packages in a creel to feed fiber to a process, i.e. beaming, warping, or weaving.

38.  Crimp:

         i.The waviness of a fiber expressed as crimps per unit length.
                                                  iiThe difference in distance between two points on an unstretched fiber and the same two points when the fiber is straightened under tension.
                                                iii.    The difference in the distance between two points when the yarn has been removed from the fabric and straightened under specific tension expressed as a percentage of the distance between the two points as the yarn lies in the fabric.

39.  Crocking: The rubbing-off of dye from a cloth as a results of insufficient dye penetration of fixation, the utilization of improper dyes or dyeing methods or insufficient washing and treatment after the dyeing operation. Crocking can occur under either wet or dry conditions

40.  Crash: Crash is a rough fabric made from yarns that are usually undyed. The coarsest type is called Russian crash. Linen is generally used for the warp yarn, while linen and jute are used for the filler.

41.  Crepe: It is a silk fabric of a gauzy texture, having a peculiar crisp or crimpy image

42.  Crazy quilt: Crazy quilting is the textile art of patch working.

43.  Crinoline: Crinoline was originally a stiff fabric with a weft of horse-hair and a warp of cotton or linen thread. the material first appeared around 1830.

44.  ross-stitch: Cross-stitch is a popular form of counted-thread embroidery in which X-shaped stitches are used to form a picture.

45.  Crochet: Crochet is the process of creating fabric from a length of cord, yarn, or thread with a hooked tool.

46.  Crochet hook: A crochet hook is a type of needle, usually with a hook at one end, used to draw thread through knotted loops.

47.  Cro-hook: The cro-hook is a special double-ended crochet hook used to make double-sided crochet. Because the hook has two ends, two colors of thread can be handled at once and freely interchanged.