Textile Dictionary ,WORDS R

R

1. RACK: A warp-knitting measure consisting of 480 courses. Tricot fabric quality is judged by the amount of inches per rack.

2. RADIO-FREQUENCY DRYING: Use of radio-frequency electromagnetic wave for drying textiles. the appliance of RF to wet goods leads to the selective heating of the water, which features a partial polarity, because the molecule must work to align within the RF field causing heat generation within the water droplets. Non-polar materials, i.e., fabrics, are unaffected. RF drying in very uniform and energy efficient when airflow patterns through the dryer are properly designed and controlled.

3. RAILS: The metal bars on which the spindles of a down twister are mounted.

4. RAMIE: A bast almost like flax obtained from the stalk of a plant grown in China, the U.S., and Japan.

5. RANDOM-SHEARED CARPET: A pile carpet with a textured face produced by shearing a number of the loops and leaving others intact.

6. RAPIER LOOMS: Looms during which either a double or single rapier (thin metallic shaft with a yarn gripping device) carries the filament through the shed. during a single rapier machine, the yarn is carried completely across the material by the rapier. within the double machine, the yarn is passed from one rapier to the opposite within the middle of the shed.

7. RATINÉ: 1. A plain-weave, loosely constructed fabric having a rough, spongy texture which is imparted by the utilization of nubby plied yarns. it's made up of worsted, cotton, or other yarns. 2. A variant of spiral yarns during which the outer yarn is fed more freely to make loops that kink back on themselves and are held in situ by a 3rd binder yarn that's added during a second twisting operation.

8. RAVELING: the method of undoing or separating the weave or knit of a cloth .

9. RAW FIBER: A textile fiber in its wild , like silk “in the gum” and cotton because it comes from the bale.

10. RAYON FIBER: A manufactured fiber composed of regenerated cellulose, also as manufactured fibers composed of regenerated cellulose during which substituents have replaced less than 15% of the hydrogens of the hydroxyl groups (FTC definition). Rayon fibers include yarns and fibers made by the viscose process, the cuprammonium process, and therefore the now obsolete nitrocellulose and saponified acetate processes. Generally, within the manufacture of rayon, cellulose derived from pulp , cotton linters, or other substance is dissolved into a viscose spinning solution. the answer is extruded into an acid-salt coagulating bath and drawn into continuous filaments. Groups of those filaments could also be made within the sort of yarns or dig staple. CHARACTERISTICS: Rayon yarns are made during a wide selection of types in reference to size, physical characteristics, strength, elongation, luster, handle, suppleness, etc. they'll be white or solution dyed. Strength is regulated by the method itself and therefore the structure of the yarn. Luster is reduced by including delustering materials, like titanium oxide pigments, within the fiber when it's extruded. The suppleness of the yarn is controlled by the amount of filaments within the yarn, the denier or gauge of the individual filaments or fibers, and therefore the fiber cross-section. END USES: Rayon is employed in draperies, bedspreads, upholstery, blanket, dish towels, curtains, throw rugs, tire cord, industrial products, sport shirts, slacks, suitings, dress goods, and linings and in blends with other fibers to reinforce functional and aesthetic qualities, e.g., with polyester in permanent-press fabrics.

11. REAMING: Further plying of a two-ply yarn with a singles yarn. Reaming isn't an equivalent as plying three singles yarns in one operation.

12. RECONSTITUTED FIBERS: Fibers made up of recovered waste polymer or blends of virgin polymer and recovered waste polymer.

13. RECREATIONAL SURFACES: Manufactured surfaces providing consistent properties, durability, and special characteristics as required for the precise application. Included are artificial turf, pool decks, indoor-outdoor carpeting, court surfaces, etc. Most sorts of constructions (knit, woven, tufted, and nonwoven), and most polymer types find use during this market. The polyolefins are particularly prominent in these applications.

14. REED: A comb-like device on a loom that separates the warp yarns and also beats each succeeding filling thread against that already woven. The reed usually consists of a top and bottom rib of wood into which metal strips or wires are set. The space between two adjacent wires is named a dent (or split) and therefore the warp is drawn through the dents. The fineness of the reed is calculated by the amount of dents per inch.

15. REED MARKS: a cloth defect consisting of warp wise light and heavy streaks during a woven fabric, caused by bent, unevenly packed, or weak reed wires.

16. REEL: 1. A revolving frame on which yarn is wound to make hanks or skeins. 2. The frame on which silk is wound from the cocoon. 3. A linen yarn measure of 72,000 yards. 4. the massive wheel during a horizontal warper onto which the warp sections are wound within the indirect system of warping. 5. A spool of huge capacity wont to wind yarn or wire.

17. REELING: In silk fiber production, the method of unwinding the cocoon.

18. REFRACTORY FIBER: Oxide or non-oxide, amorphous or crystalline, manufactured fiber generally used for applications at temperatures greater the 1063°C in both oxidizing and nonoxidizing atmospheres, i.e., Al2O3, ZrO2, Al2O3•SiO2.

19. REGENERATED CELLULOSE: a cloth which begins as cellulose but at some stage within the chemical processing takes the shape of another compound then appears again in its completed state as cellulose. Viscose and cuprammonium rayons are regenerated cellulose.

20. RELATED SHADES: Colors of comparable tone within the same or different depths.

21. RELATIVE HUMIDITY: The ratio of the particular vapour pressure of moisture in air to the saturation vapour pressure at ambient temperature.

22. RELATIVE VISCOSITY: Ratio of the viscosity of the polymer in solution thereto of the solvent expressed as time of efflux of the answer divided by the time of efflux of the solvent at constant temperature.

23. RELAXED YARN: A yarn treated to scale back tension and produce more uniform shrinkage or torque. Relaxation produces more uniform dyeing characteristics in regular filament yarns of nylon or polyester.

24. RELSET PROCESS: A process of Richen, Inc., for continuous heat-setting of carpet or other heavy yarns. Individual ends are continuously fed into a heat-setting chamber and withdrawn into take-up cans or fed to winders.

25. REPACK ORDER: 1. An order requiring special packaging, as for export. 2. alittle order for variety of things requiring a breakdown of huge cases.

26. REPEAT: the space covered by one unit of a pattern that's duplicated over and over, measured along the length of a cloth .

27. REPELLENCY: the power to resist wetting and marking by oils, water, soils, and other materials.

28. RESIDUAL SHRINKAGE: A term describing the quantity of shrinkage remaining during a fabric after finishing, expressed as a percentage of the size before finishing.

29. RESILIENCY: Ability of a fiber or fabric to spring back when crushed or wrinkled.

30. RESIN: 1. A general term for solid or semi-solid natural organic substances, usually of vegetable origin and amorphous and yellowish to brown, transparent or translucent, and soluble in alcohol or ether but not in water. 2. Any of an outsized number of manufactured products made by polymerization or other chemical processes and having the properties of natural resins.

31. RESTRAINT SYSTEMS: An end use for textile fibers; restraint systems are devices like air bags, seat belts, and shoulder harnesses for passenger protection in automobile, trucks, airplanes, etc.

32. RETARDER: A chemical that, when added to the dyebath, decreases the speed of dyeing but doesn't affect the ultimate exhaustion.

33. REVERSIBLE BONDED FABRIC: A bonded structure during which two face fabrics are bonded together in order that the 2 sides could also be used interchangeable. There are limitations to the fabrics which will be used due to increased fabric stiffness resulting from bonding.

34. RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES: The properties of viscous substances including polymers that affect deformation and flow.

35. RIBBING: A corded effect during a woven fabric which will be either lengthwise, crosswise, or diagonal.

36. RICKRACK: Flat braid in zigzag formation. it's produced by applying different tensions to individual threads during manufacture.

37. RIDGY BEAM: A beam of yarn on which the ends aren't evenly distributed across the barrel, causing a profile of peaks (ridges) and valleys. A ridgy beam can give poor removal characteristics.

38. RING-SPINNING: A system of spinning employing a ring-and-traveler take-up wherein the drafting of the roving and twisting and winding of the yarn onto the bobbin proceed simultaneously and continuously. Ring frames are suitable for spinning all counts up to 150’s, and that they usually provides a stronger yarn and are more productive than mule spinning frames. the newest innovation in ring spinning involves the utilization of a revolving ring to extend productivity. Ring spinning equipment is additionally widely wont to take-up manufactured filament yarns and insert producer-twist at extrusion.

39. RIPENING: Hydrolysis of cellulose ester after acetylation to get the specified acetyl value. this is often generally accomplished by heat and agitation of the acid cellulose ester solution under controlled conditions of your time , temperature, and acidity. Rapid ripening is accomplished by using increased temperature for the reaction.

40. RISER: In textile fabric designing, a coloured or darkened square on the planning paper which indicates that the warp end is over the filling pick at that time . the other of riser is sinker.

41. ROLLED ENDS: 1. On a neighborhood beam, rolled ends are adjacent ends that don't unwind parallel to every other. Rolled ends are often caused by such factors as uneven tension, ridgy beams, and static. 2. The ends also can roll behind the hook reed in slashing and may get into one another , leading to broken ends and ends doubling.

42. ROLL GOODS: Fabric rolled abreast of a core after it's been produced. it's described in terms of weight and width of the roll and length of the fabric on the roll.

43. ROLL LAPPING: A condition during which groups of fibers attach themselves to the drafting rolls rather than following the traditional path through the drafting system. These fibers cause the trailing fibers to wind round the rolls and to bread the top down completely. Cleaning of the rolls is required to get rid of the accumulated fiber.

44. ROTOFLEX: A fatigue or endurance test developed by Goodyear for industrial yarns or cords.

45. ROT RESISTANCE: the power of textile materials to resist physical deterioration resulting from the action of bacteria and other destructive agents like sunlight or sea water.

46. ROUGH: a cloth condition during which the surface resembles sandpaper. Principal causes are the shuttle rebounding within the box, jerky or loose shuttle tension, an incorrectly timed harness, and wild twist within the filling.

47. ROWS: In pile floor cover , the typical number of tufts or loops per inch within the warpwise direction.

48. RUBBER FILAMENT: A filament extruded from natural or rubber and used because the core of some elastic threads.

49. RUNNER: an opportunity within the yarn of a knit fabric that causes the stitch to “run” along the needle line (wale) during a vertical direction. 

50. RUNNER LENGTH: In knitting, the amount of inches of yarn from a warp to form one rack of cloth .

51. RUN-PROOF: A knitted construction during which the loops are locked to stop runs.

52. RUN-RESISTANT: a kind of stitch that reduces runs.