Textile Dictionary ,WORDS F

F

1. FABRIC: A planar textile structure produces by interlacing yarns, fibers, or filaments.

2. FABRIC CONSTRUCTION: the small print of structure of cloth which incorporates such information as style, width, sort of knit of weave, threads per inch in warp and fill, and weight of products .

3. FABRIC CRIMP: The angulations induced between a yarn and woven fabric via the weaving or braiding process.

4. FABRIC CRIMP ANGLE: the utmost oblique angle of one weaving yarn’s direction measured from a plane parallel to the surface of the material .

5. FABRIC SETT: the amount of warp threads per inch, or other convenient unit.

6. FABRIC STABILIZER: Resin or latex treatment for scrims utilized in coated fabric manufacture to stabilize the scrim for further processing.

7. FACE: the right or better-looking side of a cloth .

8. FACING: A lining or trim that protects the sides of a garment especially at collars, cuffs, and front closings.

9. FACONNE: A broad term for fabrics with a fancy-type weave made on a Jacquard or dobby loom.

10. FAILLE: A soft, slightly glossy woven fabric made from silk, rayon, cotton, wool, or manufactured fibers or combinations of those fibers and having a light-weight , flat cross grain rib or cord made by using heavier yarns within the filling than within the warp.

11. FASCIATED YARN: Yarns consisting of a core of discontinuous fibers with little or no twist and surface fibers wrapped round the core bundle.

12. FELL: 1. the top of a bit of cloth that's woven last. 2. In weaving, the last filling pick laid within the fabric at any time.

13. FELT: 1. A nonwoven sheet of matted material of wool, hair, or fur, sometimes together with certain manufactured fibers, made by a mixture of mechanical and chemical process , pressure, moisture, and heat. 2. A woven fabric generally made up of wool, but occasionally from cotton or certain manufactured fibers, that's heavily shrunk and fulled, making it almost impossible to differentiate the weave.

14. FIBER: A unit of matter, either natural or manufactured, that forms the essential element of materials and other textile structures. A fiber is characterized by having a length a minimum of 100 times its diameter or width. The term refers to units which will be spun into a yarn or made into a cloth by various methods including weaving, knitting, braiding, felting, and twisting. The essential requirements for fibers to be spun into yarn include a length of a minimum of 5 millimeters, flexibility, cohesiveness, and sufficient strength. Other important properties include elasticity, fineness, uniformity, durability, and luster. 

15. FIBER ARCHITECTURE: The spacing of fibers within the pre-form. Each architecture features a definite repeating unit.

16. FIBER DISTRIBUTION: during a web, the orientation (random or parallel) of fibers and therefore the uniformity of their arrangement.

17. FIBER NUMBER: The linear density of a fiber expressed in units like denier or tex. 

18. FIBER PLACEMENT: generally , refers to how the piles are laid into their orientation, i.e., by hand, by a textile process, by a tape layer, or by a filament winder. Tolerances and angles are specified. Microprocessor-controlled placement that provides precise control of every axis of motion permits more intricate winding patterns than are possible with conventional winding and is employed to form composites that are more complex that usual filament-wound structures.

19.  FIBRETS: Very short (<1mm), fine (diameter <50µ) fibrillated fibers that are highly branched and irregular resulting in very high surface area. Fibrets can be produced from a number of substances including acetate, polyester, nylon, and polyolefin’s. By selection of polymer type and incorporation of additives, they can be engineered to meet a range of specialized requirements.

20.  FIBRIDS: Short, irregular fibrous products, made by mixing a dilute polymer solution with a nonsolvent with agitation. They can also be made by flash spinning and breaking up the resulting

21.  FIBRIL: A tiny threadlike element of a synthetic or natural fiber.

22.  FILAMENT: A fiber of an indefinite or extreme length such as found naturally in silk. Manufactured fibers are extruded into filaments that are converted into filament yarn, staple, or tow.

23.   FILAMENT COUNT: The number of individual filaments that make up a thread or yarn.

24.   FILAMENT NUMBER: The linear density of a filament expressed in units such as denier or tex.

25.   FILAMENT YARN: A yarn composed of continuous filaments assembled with or without twist.

26.   FILLER: A nonfibrous material added to a fabric to increase its weight or to modify its appearance or hand.

27.    FILLET: A long, narrow strip of wire card clothing with which the doffer and cylinder of the card are spirally wrapped.

28.   FILLING: In a woven fabric, the yarn running from selvage to selvage at right angles to the warp. Each crosswise length is called a pick. In the weaving process, the filling yarn is carried by the shuttle or other type of yarn carrier.

29.  FILTER CLOTH: Any cloth used for filtering purposed. Nylon, polyester, vinyon, PBI, and glass fibers are often used in such fabrics because they are not affected by most chemicals.

30. FINDINGS: 1. miscellaneous items attached to garments and shoes during manufacture. Included are buttons, hooks, snaps, and ornaments. 2. Miscellaneous fabrics in garments such a zipper tapes, linings, pockets, waistbands, and facings.

31.FINE END: 1. a warp yarn of smaller diameter than that normally utilized within the material . 2. A term for a defect in silk warp yarn consisting of thin places that occur when all the filaments required to make up the entire ply aren't present. This condition is typically caused by poor reeling.

32. FINENESS: 1. a relative measure of fiber size expressed in denier or tex for manufactured fibers. For cotton, fineness is expressed because the mean fiber weight in micrograms per inch. For wool, fineness is that the mean fiber width or mean fiber diameter expressed in microns (to the closest 0.001-millimeter). 2. for yarn fineness, 

33. FINGER MARK: A defect of woven fabrics that's seen as an irregular spot showing variation in picks per inch for a limited width. Causes are spreading of warp ends while the loom is in motion and pressure on the fabric between the reed and take-up drum.

34. FIRE-BLOCKING LAYER: a cloth layer composed of fibers with flame-retardant properties utilized in aircraft seat cushions and other upholstery constructions to decrease the overall flammability of the whole construction by preventing access of flame to the body of the event .

35. FIRST-ORDER TRANSITION TEMPERATURE: The temperature at which a polymer freezes or melts.

36. FIXATION: the tactic of setting a dye after dyeing of printing, usually by steaming or other heat treatment.

37. FLAKE YARN: Yarn during which roving or short, soft staple fibers are inserted at intervals between long filament binder yarns.

38. FLANNEL: Medium weight plain- or twill-weave, slightly napped fabric, usually of wool or cotton, but could even be made up of other fibers.

39. FLAPPER: The movable side of a fiber-crimping chamber that periodically opens or flaps to permit crimped fiber to be expelled from the chamber.

40. FLASH AGEING: A process for rapid reduction and fixation of vat dyes obtained when the printed fabric is padded with caustic soda and sodium hydrosulfite and immediately steamed in air-free steam.

41. FLAT: In carding, one of the parts forming an endless chain that partially surrounds the upper portion of the cylinder and provides the name to a revolving flat card. Flats are made up of cast iron , Tshaped in section, about 1 inch wide, and as long because the width of the cylinder. One side of the flat is nearly covered with fine card clothing, and thus the flats are assail the brink of the teeth of the cylinder so on work point against point. a sequence of flats contains approximately 110 flats and operates at a surface speed of about 3 inches per minute.

42. FLAX: The plant from which the cellulosic fiber linen is obtained.

43. FLEECE FABRIC: a cloth with a thick, heavy surface resembling sheep’s wool. it's getting to be a pile or napped fabric of either woven or knit construction.

44. FLEXIBILITY: 1. the facility to be flexed or bowed repeatedly without rupturing. 2. A term concerning the hand of fabric , concerning simple bending and ranging from pliable (high) to stiff (low).

45. FLOAT: 1. the portion of a warp or filling yarn that extends over two or more adjacent filling picks or warp ends in weaving for the aim of forming certain designs. 2. during a knit fabric, a number of yarn that extends for a couple of length without being knitted in. 

46. FLOCCULATING: Coagulating or coalescing a cloth into alittle , loosely aggregated mass.

47. FLOCK: the material obtained by reducing textile fibers to fragments by cutting or grinding.

There are two main types: precision cut flock, where all fiber lengths are approximately equal, and random cut flock, where the fibers are ground or chopped to provide a broad range of lengths.

48. FLUORESCENCE: Emission of electromagnetic radiation , usually as light , that's caused by the flow of energy into the emitting body. The emission ceases abruptly when the excitation ceases.

49. FLY: The short, waste fibers that are released into the air in textile processing operations like picking, carding, spinning, and weaving.

50. FLYER: 1. a tool used to insert twist into slubbing, roving, or yarn, and to function a guide for winding it onto a bobbin. The flyer is made like an inverted U that matches on the very best of the spindle and revolves with it. One arm of the U is solid and thus the opposite is hollow. The yarn enters through the very best of the hollow arm, travels downward, and emerges at the lowest where it's wound around a presser finger onto the take-up package.

51. FOAM: Dispersion of gas during a liquid or solid. The gas bubbles could even be any size. The term covers an honest range of useful products like insulating foam, cushions, etc. It also describes the undesirable froth in polymer melts, dyebaths, etc.

52. FOREIGN WASTE: Thread waste or lint that's twisted within the yarn or woven within the material . If such foreign matter is of a special fiber, it's getting to dye differently and thus show plainly.

53. FORMALDEYDE: A one-carbon aldehyde, (CH2O), it is a colorless, pungent gas at room

temperature. This compound is used primarily for disinfectant and preservative and in synthesizing other compounds and resins.

54. FOULARD: a light-weight , lustrous 2/2 twill that's usually printed with small figures on a solid background, foulard is typically utilized in men’s ties. Foulards are made up of silk, filament polyester, acetate, etc.

55. FRENCHBACK: a cloth with corded twill backing of varied weave than the face. The backing, which is typically of inferior yarn, gives added weight, warmth, and stability to the fabric . 

56. FRICTION SPINNING: A spinning system during which the yarn receives its twist by being rolled along the longitudinal axis within the nip between two revolving surfaces. The surfaces may rotate at an equivalent or different speeds within the same or opposite directions relying on the particular machine design. Potential advantages include high production capacity, low stress on the fiber in processing, and thus the capacity to provide very fine counts.

57. FRIEZE: 1. A term applied when the pile of a velvet, plush, velour, or other pile fabric is uncut.

A frieze fabric is typically patterned by shearing the loops at different lengths. Frieze fabrics are widely used for upholstery. 2. A cut-pile carpet made up of highly twisted yarns normally plied and heat-set. A kinked or curled yarn effect is achieved. Excellent durability results from the hard-twist pile yarns.

58. FROST MARKS: A defect of woven fabric consisting of surface highlights that gives a frosted appearance. Frost marks are caused by improper sizing or insufficient warp tension as a results of uneven bending of some warp ends over the picks.

59. FULL-FASHIONED: A term applied to fabrics produced on a flat-knitting machine, like hosiery, sweater, and underwear that are shaped by adding or reducing stitches.

60. FUZZINESS: 1. a term describing a woven fabric defect characterized by a hairy appearance because of broken fibers or filaments. Principle causes are under slashed warp; rough drop wires, heddles, or reed; fabric slippage on take-up drum; rough shuttles; glassware , dents, or reeds in wrapper; and damage in slashing. 2. A term describing a cloth intentionally made with a hairy surface; such fabrics are usually produced from spun yarns.