Textile Dictionary ,WORDS O

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1. OATMEAL: an important , soft linen fabric with a pebbled or crepe effect.

2. OFF-SQUARE: 1. A term to explain the difference between the share of warp crimp and therefore the percentage of filling crimp. 2. A term pertaining to a cloth during which the amount of ends and therefore the number of picks per inch aren't equal.

3. OILCLOTH: Any fabric treated with linseed-oil varnish to form it waterproof. It comes in plain colors and printed designs and is most ordinarily used for table covers or shelf covering. it's now been widely replaced by plastic coated fabrics.

4. OILPROOF: A term describing fabrics that are impervious to grease .

5. OIL-REPELLENT: A term applied to fabrics that are treated with finishes to form them immune to oil stains.

6. OLEFIN FIBER: A manufactured fiber during which the fiber-forming substance is any long chain synthetic polymer composed of a minimum of 85% by weight of ethylene, propylene, or other olefin units. Olefin fibers combine lightweight with high strength and abrasion resistance, and are currently getting used in rope, indoor-outdoor carpets, and furniture upholstery. (Also see POLYETHYLENE FIBER and POLYPROPYLENE FIBER.)

7. OLEOPHILIC: A term describing a substance that features a strong affinity for oils.

8. OLEOPHOBIC: A term describing a substance that doesn't have a robust affinity for oils.

9. OLIGOMER: A polymer molecule consisting of only a couple of monomer units.

10. OMBRÉ: A color effect during which the shade is changeable from light to dark, generally produced by using warp yarns of various tones. Ombré effects can also be produced by printing.

11. ONDULE: A general term for plain-weave fabrics of silk, cotton, or manufactured fiber having a wavy effect produced by weaving the warp or filling, but usually the filling, during a wavy line. An ondule reed is usually wont to produce this effect, often during a leno weave to stress the wave. Ondule is employed for dress fabrics.

12. ON-STREAM: The state of getting been brought into production. The term is typically used for chemical and metallurgical plants or processes.

13. OPEN-END SPINNING: A system of spinning supported the concept of introducing twist into the yarn without package rotation by simply rotating the yarn end at a niche or break within the flow of the fibers between the delivery system and therefore the yarn package. Because the twisting element are often compact and therefore the mass of fabric to be rotated is little , very high twisting speeds are often attained. the method , during a sense combines the normal processes of roving and spinning in one operation. Present work is directed toward incorporating the drafting operation into the method by using card sliver because the feedstock. this will facilitate process linking.

14. OPEN FACE: a cloth defect consisting of an open appearance of the material which allows the filling to “grin” through the warp ends within the center portion of the material .

15. OPENING: 1. A preliminary operation within the processing of staple fiber. Opening separates the compressed masses of staple into loose tufts and removes the heavier impurities. 2. An operation within the processing of tow that substantially increases the majority of the tow by separating the filaments and deregistering the crimp.

16. OPTICAL BRIGHTENER: 1. A colorless compound that, when applied to fabric, absorbs the ultraviolet in light but emits radiation within the color spectrum . 2. Fluorescent materials added to polymer in manufactured fiber production that emit light within the color spectrum , usually with a blue cast.

17. OPTIMUM TWIST: In spun yarns, a term to explain the quantity of twist that provides the utmost breaking strength or the utmost bulk at strength levels acceptable for weaving or knitting.

18. ORIENTATION: In linear polymeric structures, the degree of parallelism of the chain molecules.

19. ORIFICE: Generally, a gap . Used specifically to ask the tiny holes in spinnerets through which the polymer flows within the manufacture of fibers.

20. ORTHO: A chemical prefix, usually abbreviated o, signifying that two substituents appear in adjacent positions on a benzene formula .

21. OTTOMAN: Heavy, large, filling rib yarns, often of cotton, wool, or waste yarn, covered in their entirety by silk or manufactured fiber warp yarns, characterized this fabric used for women’s wear and coats.

22. OUTFLOW QUENCH: Air for cooling extruded polymer that's directed radially outward from a central dispersion device around which the filaments descend.

23. OVEN-DRY WEIGHT: The constant weight of a specimen obtained by drying in an oven under prescribed conditions of temperature and humidity.

24. OXFORD CLOTH: A soft but stout shirting fabric during a modified fabric with an outsized filling yarn having no twist woven under and over two single, twisted warp yarns. the material is typically made up of cotton or polyester/cotton blends and is usually given a silk like luster finish.

25. OZONE FADING: The fading of a dyed textile material, especially those in blue shades, caused by atmospheric ozone, (O3).