Textile Dictionary ,WORDS H

H

1. HAND: The tactile qualities of a cloth , e.g., softness, firmness, elasticity, fineness, resilience, and other qualities perceived by touch.

2. HAND-BLOCKED PRINT: a cloth that has been printed by hand with wooden or linoleum blocks. 

3. HANG PICK: A pick that's caught on a warp yarn knot for a brief distance which produces a triangular hole within the fabric. Hang picks usually result from knots that are tied incorrectly, shuttle tension that's too loose, or harness that's timed too early.

4. HANK: 1. A skein of yarn. 2. a typical length of slubbing, roving, or yarn. The length is specified by the yarn numbering system in use; e.g., cotton hanks have a length of 840 yards. 3. A term applied to slubbing or roving that indicates the yarn number (count); e.g., a 1.5 hank roving.

5. HARD FIBER: Stiff, elongated fibers obtained from leaves or stems of plants. Coarse and stiff,

they are utilized in matting and industrial products.

6. HARDNESS: 1. When utilized in regard to water, hardness is that the total parts per million (ppm) of calcium an CaCO3 plus the magnesium expressed as equivalent CaCO3 [ppm hardness (as CaCO3)= (ppm Ca x 2.497 + ppm Mg x 4.116)]. 2. utilized in regard to pulp to denote the degree of delignification.

7. HARD SIZE: A condition found in areas of cloth where the warp contains an excessive quantity of sizing.

8. HARNESS: A frame holding the heddles in position within the loom during weaving.

9. HARNESS CHAIN: A mechanism wont to control the vertical movements of the harness, or shaft, on a loom.

10. HARSH FIBER: Fiber that's rough or coarse to the touch, but not fused or bonded filaments.

11. HEAD END: 1. the start of a replacement piece of cloth within the loom that bears appropriate identification. 2. alittle sample of cloth which will be submitted to a customer for approval.

12. HEATHER YARN: A term describing mottled type yarns.

13. HEAT RESISTANCE: A property of certain fibers or yarns whereby they resist degradation at heat . Heat resistance could also be an inherent property of the fiber-forming polymer or it's going to be impacted by additives or treatment during manufacture. (Also see HEAT STABILIZED.)

14. HEAT-SETTING: the method of conferring dimensional stability and sometimes other desirable properties like wrinkle resistance and improved heat resistance to made fibers, yarns, and fabrics by means of either moist of dry heat.

15. HEAT STABILIZED: A term to explain fiber or yarn heat-treated to scale back the tendency of the fiber to shrink or elongate under load at elevated temperature. 

16. HEAVYEND: 1. the upper boiling fraction in distillation.

17. HEDDLE: A cord, round steel wire, or thin flat steel strip with a loop or eye near the middle through which one or more warp threads expire the loom in order that the thread movement could also be controlled in weaving. The heddles are held at both ends by the harness frame. They control the weave pattern and shed because the harnesses are raised and lowered during weaving.

18. HELIX ANGLE: 1. the angle formed by the trail of a ply and therefore the axis during a yarn or tire cord. 2. The angle between the tangent to a yarn and therefore the axis of the package on which it's wound. Also called wind angle.

19. HEMICELLULOSES: The principal noncellulosic polysaccharides in wood. Wood contains 28 to 35% hemicelluloses, the balance being cellulose and lignin.

20. HEMP: a rough , durable bast of marijuana found everywhere the planet . Used primarily for twines, cordage, halyards, and tarred riggings.

21. HERRINGBONE: A broken twill characterized by a balanced zigzag effect produced by having the rib run first to the proper then to the left for an equal number of threads.

22. HESSIAN: a reputation for burlap utilized in the uk , India, and parts or Europe. 

23. HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE: 1, 6-diaminohexane, (H2N (CH2)6NH2). it's utilized in the polymerization reaction to make nylon 66.

24. HIGH TENACITY: A term to explain a cloth with a better than normal lastingness .

25. HOLES (TOW): In tow opening processes, partial or complete filament breakage within a confined spread of tow, usually circular or oval in shape. to not be confused with splitting or partial crimp deregistration, which are linear.

26. HOLLAND FINISH: A glazed or unglazed finish containing oil and a filling material. The finish is applied to cotton fabrics to form them opaque or semi opaque. The resultant fabric resembles a beetled linen fabric called Holland fabric.

27. HOLLOW FILAMENT FIBERS: Manufactured, continuous filament fibers, having voids created by introduction of air or other gas within the polymer solution or by melt spinning through specially designed spinnerets.

28. HOMESPUN: Coarse plain-weave fabric of uneven yarns that have a handspun appearance.

29. HONAN: A pongee-type fabric of the absolute best Chinese wild silk. Honan is usually woven with blue edges.

30. HOPSACKING: a rough , open, basket-weave fabric that gets its name from the plain-weave fabric of jute or hemp used for sacking during which hops are gathered.

31. HOT-AIR SHRINKAGE: Generally, the reduction within the dimensions of a cloth , yarn, or fiber induced by exposure to dry heat. Specifically, a fundamental property of fibers.

32. HOT-HEAD PRESS: A pressing machine capable of generating high temperatures and pressures. Used for pressing and processing permanent-press fabrics.

33. HOT-MELT ADHESIVE: A solid material that melts quickly upon heating, then sets to a firm bond upon cooling. Use of this sort adhesive provides almost instantaneous bonding.

34. HOUNDSTOOTH: A term describing a medium-sized broken-check effect; the check is really a four pointed star.

35. HUCKABACK: an important , serviceable toweling made with slackly twisted filling yarns to assist absorption. the material features a honeycomb effect.

36. HYBRID COMPOSITE: Advanced composite with a mixture of various high-strength continuous filaments within the matrix. Also, composite during which continuous and staple fibers are utilized in an equivalent matrix.

37. HYBRID FABRIC: Fabric for composite manufacture during which two or more different yarns are utilized in the material construction. This provides design flexibility to satisfy performance requirements and controls cost by permitting some lower priced fibers to be used.

38. HYDROENTANGLING: Process for forming a cloth by mechanically wrapping and knotting fibers during a web through the utilization of high-velocity jets or curtains of water.

39. HYDROGENATION: the method of passing hydrogen into an unsaturated chemical within the presence of a catalyst to convert the fabric to a more saturated state (i.e., containing more combined hydrogen.)

40. HYDROLYSIS: A double decomposition reaction reaction involving the addition of the weather of water and therefore the formation of an acid and a base, an acid and an alcohol, or an acid and phenol.

41. HYDROPHILIC: Having strong affinity for or the power to soak up water.

42. HYDROPHOBIC: Lacking affinity for or the power to soak up water.

43. HYDROSCOPIC: Having the power to soak up moisture from the atmosphere. All fibers have this property in varying degrees.

44. HYDROXYL END GROUP: A polymer chain-terminating (-OH) group.

45. HYSTERESIS: 1. In tire cord, a measurement of labor lost through heat during dynamic operation. 2. In tensile testing, loss of linear recovery following repeated loading and relaxation.