Textile Dictionary ,WORDS L

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1. LACE: Ornamental openwork fabric, made during a sort of designs by intricate manipulation of the fiber by machine or by hand.

2. LACE STITCH: during this stitch structure, loops are transferred from the needles on which they're made to adjacent needles to make a cloth with an open or a raised effect.

3. LAMÉ: a cloth woven with flat metal threads, usually silver or gold, that form either the background or the pattern.

4. LAMINAR FLOW: flow during a viscous fluid, like molten polymer, near a solid boundary.

5. LAMINATED FABRIC: 1. Fabric composed of a high-strength reinforcing scrim or base fabric between two plies of flexible thermoplastic film. Usually open scrims are wont to permit the polymer to flow through the interstices and bond during calendaring.

6. LAP: endless , considerably compressed sheet of fibers that's rolled struggling into a cylindrical package, usually weighing between 40 and 50 pounds. The lap is employed to provide the cardboard .

7. LAP SPLITTING: A condition caused by a lap which will not unwind in carding within the same thickness because it was wound in picking. This splitting of the sheet of fiber may result in either a thicker or thinner sheet being fed into the cardboard .

8. LASE: An acronym for load at specified elongation: the load required to supply a given elongation of a yarn or cord.

9. LASER: a tool for producing an intense beam of coherent light. it's used for cutting, spectroscopy, photography, biomedical investigations, etc.

10. LASTRILE FIBER: A manufactured fiber during which the fiber-forming substance may be a copolymer of acrylonitrile and a diene composed of a minimum of 10% by weight, but less than 50% by weight, of acrylonitrile [-CH2-CH(CN)-] units (FTC definition).

11. LATCH NEEDLE: one among the 2 sorts of textile machine needles. The latch needle features a small terminal hook with a latch that pivots automatically in knitting to shut the hook. the material loop is remove . The latch then opens, allowing a replacement loop to be formed by the hook, and loop-forming and casting-off proceed simultaneously. (Also see SPRING NEEDLE..)

12. LATENT CRIMP: Crimp in fibers which will be developed by a selected treatment. Fibers are prepared specially to crimp when subjected to specific conditions, e.g., tumbling during a heated chamber or wet processing.

13. LATEX: A milky fluid found in certain cells of some families of seed plants. Latex is that the staple from which rubber is formed .

14. LAWN: a light-weight , thin cloth made from carded or combed yarns; this fabric is given a crease resistant, crisp finish. Lawn is crisper than voile but not as crisp as organdy.

15. LEA: 1. One-seventh of an 840-yard cotton hank, i.e., 120 yards. 2. a typical skein with 80 revolutions of 1.5 yards each (total length of 120 yards). it's used for strength tests. 3. A unit of measure, 300 yards, wont to determine the yarn number of linen yarn. the amount of leas in one pound is that the yarn number.

16. LEACHING: The removal of any substance or dye from textiles by the percolating action of an appropriate liquid.

17. LENO WEAVES: A weave during which the warp yarns are arranged in pairs with one twisted round the other between picks of filling yarn as in marquisette. this sort of weave gives firmness and strength to an weave fabric and prevents slippage and displacement of warp and filling yarns.

18. LET-OFF MOTION: a tool for controlling the delivery and tension of the warp during weaving.

19. LEVELING: Migration resulting in uniform distribution of dye during a dyed material. Leveling could also be a property of the dye or it's going to require chemical assistance.

20. LICKERIN: a neighborhood of the feed mechanism of the cardboard . It consists of a hollow, metal roll with a spirally grooved surface containing a special saw-toothed wire. The lickerin exposes the tufts of

the picker lap because it is fed to the cardboard and transfers the fibers to the most cylinder.

21. LIGHTFASTNESS: The degree of resistance of dyed textile materials to the color-destroying influence of sunlight. Two methods of testing are in use: (1) exposure to sunlight, either directly or under glass, and (2) accelerated testing during a laboratory apparatus equipped with any of several sorts of artificial light sources.

22. LIGNIN: the main noncarbohydrate portion of wood. it's an amorphous polymeric substance that cements the fibrous portions together. 

23. LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX:Relative measure of flammability that's determined as follows. A sample is ignited in an oxygen/nitrogen atmosphere. The oxygen content is adjusted until the minimum required to sustain steady burning is found. the upper the worth , the lower the flammability.

24. LINEAR DENSITY: Mass per unit length expressed as grams per centimeter, pounds per foot, or equivalent units. it's the quotient obtained by dividing the mass of a fiber or yarn by its length.

25. LINEN: Cellulosic fibers derived from the stem of the flax plant or a cloth made up of these fibers. Linen fibers are much stronger and more lustrous that cotton; they yield cool, absorbent fabrics that wrinkle easily. Fabrics with linen-like texture and coolness but with good wrinkle resistance are often produced from manufactured fibers and blends.

26. LINEN LEA: the amount of 300-yard hanks contained in one pound.

27. LINET: A French-make lining fabric of unbleached linen.

28. LINKED PROCESSES: Refers to the connection of the varied steps of fiber-to-yarn processing via pneumatic fiber-transport systems, on-line monitoring, and process control. Process linking leads to less labor-intensive processing. A typical linked system might include all stages from bale opening through carding.

29. LINON A JOUR: A gauze-like linen fabric used as dress goods.

30. LINT: Particles and short fibers that fall from a textile product during the stresses of use.

31. LINTERS: The short cotton fibers that aren't faraway from the seed during the primary ginning.

The linters are cut from the seed and used as a source for cellulose derivatives like nitrocellulose or viscose .

32. LACE: Ornamental openwork fabric, made during a sort of designs by intricate manipulation of the fiber by machine or by hand. 

33. LIQUOR RATIO: In wet processing the ratio of the load of liquid wont to the load of products treated.

34. LISLE YARN: A high-quality cotton yarn made by plying yarns spun from long combed staple. Lisle is singed to offer it a smooth finish.

35. LOAD-DEFORMATION CURVE: A graphical representation of the connection between the change in dimension (in the direction of the applied force) of the specimen resulting from the appliance of an external load, and therefore the magnitude of that load. The load could also be expressed in units of weight (such as pounds or kilograms) and therefore the deformation in either units of length (such as inches or millimeters) in tension or compression tests, or degrees in shear tests. during a tension test, a load-deformation curve becomes a load-elongation curve.

36. LOFT: The properties of firmness, resilience, and bulk of a fiber batting, yarn, fabric, or other textile material.

37. LONG STAPLE: an extended fiber. In regard to cotton, long staple indicates a fiber length of not less that 1-1/8 inches. In regard to wool, the term indicates fiber 3 to 4 inches long suitable for combing.

38. LOOM: A machine for weaving fabric by interlacing a series of vertical, parallel threads (the warp) with a series of horizontal, parallel threads (the filling). The warp yarns from a beam undergo the heddles and reed, and therefore the filling is shot through the “shed” of warp threads by means of a shuttle or other device and is settled in situ by the reed and lay. The woven fabric is then wound on a cloth beam. the first distinction between differing types of looms is that the manner of filling insertion (see WEFT INSERTION, 1). The principal elements of any sort of loom are the shedding, picking, and beating-up devices. In shedding, a path is made for the filling by raising some warp threads while others are left down. Picking consists essentially of projecting the filling yarn from one side of the loom to the opposite . Beating-up forces the pick that has just been left within the shed, up to the fell of the material . this is often accomplished by the reed, which is brought forward with some force by the lay. (Also see JACQUARD.)

39. LOOM BARRÉ: A repeated unevenness within the fabric, usually running from selvage to selvage, and caused by uneven let-off or take-up or by a loose crank arm.

40. LOOM-FINISHED: A term describing fabric that's sold within the condition during which it comes from the loom.

41. LOOM FLY: Waste fibers that are inadvertently woven into a cloth .

42. LOOPED FILLING: A woven-in loop caused by the filling sloughing off the quill or by the shuttle rebounding within the box.

43. LOOPED PILE: A pile surface made from uncut looped yarns.

44. LOOP ELONGATION: the utmost extension of a looped yarn at maximum load, expressed as a percentage of the first gauge length.

45. LOOPING: Generally, a way of uniting knit fabrics by joining two courses of loops on a machine called a looper.

46. LOOPING BAR: A bar inserted within the bottom of an extrusion metier around which the dried filaments pass as they leave the spinning cabinet.

47. LOOSE FILLING: a cloth defect that's usually seen as short, loose places within the filling caused by insufficient tension on the yarn within the shuttle or by the shuttle rebounding within the box. Loose filling can often be felt by an examiner when passing a fork over the surface of the material .

48. LOST END: An endways a neighborhood or tricot beam that has been broken at some stage in warping and has not been repaired by a knot.

49. LOT: A unit of production or a gaggle of other units or packages that's taken for sampling or statistical examination, having one or more common properties and being readily separable from other similar units.

50. LOW ROWS: A carpet defect characterized by rows of unusually low pile height across the width of the products .

51. LUANA: a cloth characterized by a crosswise rib effect, usually made with a filament yarn warp and a small stuff filling.

52. LUBRICANT: An oil or emulsion finish applied to fibers to stop damage during textile processing or to knitting yarns to form them more pliable.

53. LUMINESCENCE: Emission of sunshine not caused by incandescence but rather by physiological processes, chemical process , friction or electrical action.

54. LUSTER: the standard of shining with reflected light. With regard to textile materials, the term is usually related to the adjectives bright or dull to differentiate between sorts of manufactured fibers.

55. LUSTERING: The finishing of yarn or fabric by means of warmth , pressure, steam, friction, calendaring, etc., to supply luster.

56. LYOCELL FIBER: a producing cellulose fiber made by direct dissolution of pulp in an amine oxide solvent, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide. The clear solution is extruded into a dilute solution of amine oxide, which precipitates the cellulose within the sort of filaments. The fiber is then washed before it's dried and finished. The solvent spinning process for creating lyocell fiber is taken into account to be environmentally friendly because the non-toxic spinning solvent is recovered, purified, and recycled as an integral a part of the manufacturing process. No chemical intermediates are formed, the minimal waste in not hazardous, and energy consumption is low. pulp may be a natural resource , and therefore the fiber is biodegradable. CHARACHTERISTICS: Lyocell fiber is stronger than other cellulosic fibers. it's inherently absorbent, having a water imbibitions of 65%-75%. Lyocell retains 85% of its dry tenacity when wet, making it stronger when wet than cotton. The fiber features a density of 1.15 g/cm3 END USES: Lyocell fiber is suitable for blending with cotton or other manufactured fibers.