Yarn Manufacturing Lab-1 viva

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1. What is fiber?

Ans: Fiber or fibre is classes of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to lengths of thread. They are very important in the biology of both plants and animals, for holding tissues together.

2. What is textile fiber?

Ans: Textile fiber has some characteristics which differ between fiber to Textile fiber. Textile fiber can be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by various methods including weaving, knitting, braiding, felting, and twisting. The essential requirements for fibers to be spun into yarn include a length of at least 5 millimeters, flexibility, cohesiveness, and sufficient strength. Other important properties include elasticity, fineness, uniformity, durability, and luster.

3. What is yarn?

Ans: Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibers, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, and rope making. 

 4. Flow chart of carded yarn manufacturing process.

Ans: 

Fiber/Bale → Blow Room → Lap/Chute

↓

Lap/Chute → Carding → Sliver (Carded)

↓

Carded Sliver → Draw Frame → Sliver (Drawn)

↓

Drawn Sliver → Simplex → Rove

↓

Rove → Ring Frame → Yarn

↓

Winding

↓

Reeling

↓

Bundling

↓

Bailing

 

5. Flow chart of combed yarn manufacturing process.

Ans:

Fiber/Bale → Blow Room → Lap/Chute

↓

Lap/Chute → Carding → Sliver (Carded)

↓

Carded Sliver → Pre-Comb Drawing Frame → Sliver (Pre-Drawn)

↓

Sliver → Lap Frame → Lap

↓

Lap → Comber → Sliver

↓

Sliver → Post-Comb Drawing Frame → Sliver (Post-Drawn)

↓

Drawn Sliver → Simplex → Rove

↓

Rove → Ring Frame → Yarn

↓

Winding

↓

Reeling

↓

Bundling

↓

Bailing

 

6. What is the first process/ machine in yarn production?

Ans. Blow room.

7. What is the second process/ machine in yarn production?

Ans. Carding machine.

8. What process / machine is used after carding?

Ans. Draw frame.

9. What process is used after draw frame?

Ans. Simplex.

10. What process is used after simplex?

Ans. Ring frame.

11. What is the production of blow room?

Ans. Lap.

12. What is the production of carding machine?

Ans. Sliver.

13. What is the production of draw frame?

Ans. Sliver/Drawing sliver

14. What is the production of simplex?

Ans. Roving.

15. What is the production of ring frame?

Ans. Yarn.

16. 1 lb(pound) =?

Ans. 840 yds=1 Hank=0.4536 kg=453.6 gm=16 ounce(oz).

17. What is the input of blow room?

Ans. Bale.

18. What is the input of carding machine?

Ans. Lap/Now chute feed system is being used.

19. What is the input of combing?

Ans. Sliver lap and number of doubling is usually 20-24.

20. What is the input of simplex?

Ans. Drawn sliver, Sliver hank 0.12/0.14/0.16,etc.

21. What is the input of ring frame?

Ans. Roving/Roving hank may be 0.75/0.80,etc.

22. What is fiber fineness?

Ans. Fineness is one of the most important parameter determining the yarn quality (Fine or Coarse).

20. How fineness is specified for cotton?

Ans. Fineness is specified by micronaire value for cotton.

21. The maturity of cotton is defined in terms of the development of cell wall (Yes/no). 

Ans. Yes.

22. A fully mature fibre has a well developed thick cell-wall (Yes/no).

Ans. Yes.

23. An immature fibre has a very thin cell-wall (Yes/no).

Ans. Yes.

24. In mature fibre, dye absorption is high (yes/no)

Ans. Yes

25. In immature fibre, dye absorption is low (yes/no).

Ans. Yes

26. What is staple length?

Ans. The average length of spinnable fibre is called staple length.

27. If staple length is increase then yarn quality is also increase (yes/no).

Ans. Yes

28. Toughness of fibre has a direct effect on yarn and fibre strength (yes/no).

Ans. Yes

29. If fibre strength is higher, then yarn and fabric strength is also higher (yes/ no).

Ans. Yes

30. Short fibres deteriorate the yarn strength and uniformity (true/false).

Ans. True.

31. What is the minimum strength for a textile fibre?

Ans. Approximately 6 CN/tex (about 6km breaking length)

32. What do you know about Presley index =?

Ans. Breaking load in Ibs/Bundle weight in mg.

33. What is fibre elongation?

Ans. Elongation is specified as a percentage of the starting length.

34. What is bale management?

Ans. Testing, sorting and mixing bales according to the properties of fibre for producing specific good quality yarn at minimum cost is called bale management.

35. When bale mixing is done?

Ans. Before the blow room/Before the bales going into blow room.

36. What are the basic operations in the blow room?

Ans.

• Opening
• Cleaning
• Mixing & blending
• Even feed of material to the card.

37. What is carding?

Ans. Carding may be defined as the reduction of an entangled mass of fibre to a filmy web by working them between two closely spaced, relatively moving surface clothed with sharp wire points.

38. Objective of carding.

Ans.

• To open up the cotton in to single fibre state.
• To reduce the number of neps, short fibres.
• To produce a thick untwisted rope of fibre called sliver.

39. Carding is called the heart/mother of spinning (true/ false).

Ans. True.

40. What are the main objectives of draw frame?

Ans.

• Straightening & parallelization of fibres by drafting & drawing.
• Minimization of irregularity by doubling.
• Blending & mixing of fibres.
• To produce a more uniform sliver of definite wt/yds.

41. What are the faults of blow room?

Ans.

• Soft lap,
• Conical lap,
• Barrel shaped,
• Split lap,
• Ragged selvedge,
• Lap licking.

42. Find out the hank of the lap when the weight of the lap is 14 oz/yds.

Ans.

14 oz contains = 1 yds,

1 oz contains = 1/14 yds,

16 oz or 1 lb contains = 16/14 yds

=16/14×840 hank=0.00136 hank

So hank of lap = 0.00136. 

 

43. Find out the wt/yds of the lap when hank of the lap is 0.0014? Ans.

Weight of 0.0014×840 yds = 1 lbs or 16 oz

1.176 yds = 16 oz

1 yds = 16/ 1.176 oz = 13.6 oz

So weight of lap = 13. 6 oz/yds 

 

44. For cotton, higher the count, finer the yarn (yes/no). Ans. Yes

45. For jute, lower the count, finer the yarn (yes/ no).

Ans. Yes.

46. What is the name of combing waste?

Ans. Noils.

47. What is the meaning of TPI?

Ans. Turns per Inch/Twist per inch

48. What is the ring frame wastage?

Ans. Pnewmafil, banda, sweep, hard waste.

49. What is roving?

Ans. A roving is a continuous slightly twisted strand of fibres which has not received its final drawing for yarn. Roving hank=0.70 to 0.85, TPI=about 1.15

50. What are the faults of yarn?

Ans.

• Irregular yarn
• Thick & thin places
• Slubs
• Nepped yarn
• Spinners double
• Crackers
• Bad piecing
• Hairiness
• Soft yarn
• Hard & non elastic yarn
• Rough yarn

51. Over twisted yarn become poor in strength (yes/ no). 

Ans.Yes 

52. What is the meaning of MIC?

Ans. Microgram per inch.

53. In direct system which one is fixed (mass/length)?

Ans. Mass

54. In indirect system which one is fixed (mass/length)?

Ans. Length

55. English count is denoted by Ne (yas/no)?

Ans. Yes.

56. Metric count is denoted by Nm(yes/no)?

Ans. Yes

57. Sliver and roving count is expressed by hank(yes/no)?

Ans. Yes

58. In spinning mill, up to roving the count value is expressed by hank then count (true/false)?

Ans. True

59. The shape of yarn become round due to twist (yas/no)?

Ans. Yas

60. Name the types of fiber?

Ans. Normal fiber, thin walled fiber, Dead fibers .

61. How can you express fiber fineness?

Ans. Weight per unit length.

62. What is blow room waste?

Ans. Dropping-II,Dust,filter waste.

63. What is carding waste?

Ans. Dropping-I, Tacker in waste,Flat strip, motes & flies, sliver waste

64. What is draw frame waste?

Ans. Sliver wastage.

65. What is the simplex wastage?

Ans. Sliver wastage, roving wastage.

66. What is the ring frame wastage?

Ans. Pneumafil, hard waste, bonda waste, etc.

67. What is the comber wastage and waste %?

Ans. Noils,(12-18)%.

68. What is the feed material in ring and rotor m/c?

Ans. 

Ring m/c = roving

Rotor m/c = drawing sliver.

69.What is tex?

Ans. Count is the tex system in the weight in grams of 1000m or 1km of yarn.

70. How many types of draw frame ?

Ans. (I)Breaker draw frame, (II)finisher draw frame.

71. What is the output of winding?

Ans. Yarn in cone form.

72. Natural fibres are hydrophilic in nature? (Yes/No)

Ans. Yes.

73.What is the types of waste in a spinning mill?

Ans: (i) useable waste (ii) unusable waste.

74. The flyer is the essential part of speed frame(yes/no)?

Ans. Yes

75.What is neps?

Ans. Entanglement protruding fibres or entangled mass of fibres.

76. Write down the name of the yarn testing machine.

Ans. 

• Uster evenness tester
• Uster classimat
• Uster auto sorter.

77. What is the useable waste in spinning mill?

Ans: (a)lap waste,(b) sliver waste,(c)roving waste,(d)bonda waste,(e) pneumafil waste .

78. What is fiber migration?

Ans. It means fiber distribution into the yarn.

79. Number of fibres in the yarn cross-section?

Ans. 60-70

80. What is the standard staple length of cotton fibre?

Ans. Generally 0.5 inch to 2.5 inch.

81. Write some yarn faults which are generally shown?

Ans. (I)Thick place, (II) Thin place, (III) Neps, (IV) slub, (V) Hairiness.

82. How many classes or divisions of yarn preparation?

Ans. (I) Warp yarn preparation, (II) Weft yarn preparation.

83. What are the classes of winding machines for package of yarn?

Ans. (I) pirn winding m/c, (II) cop winding m/c, (III) spol winding m/c, (IV) Cheese winding m/c, (V) cone winding m/c.

84. What is the action of the blow room?

Ans. 

• Action of opposing spikes
• Action of air current
• Action of beaters, 
• Regulating action

85. What is crimp?

Ans. The wavy shape of thread/yarn is called a crimp.

86. Total Draft =?

Ans. Total draft = BD×MD×FD

BD=Backdraft

MD=Middle draft

FD=Front draft

87. What is lint and linters?

Ans. Then cotton which are get after first time ginning to seeds cotton is called lint and for the second time ginning of cotton is called linters.

88. Some meaning-

ans. 

• DCP=Draft change pinion
• LCP= Lifter change pinion
• PW = poker wheel
• TCP = Twist change pinion

89.efficiency of blow room? Ans. 40-70%

90.Who is named as necessary evil? Ans simplex m/c.

91.Others name of simplex m/c? Ans.ROVING FRAME / SPEED FRAME/ FLYER FRAME.

92. What is the drafting system in our Butex lab in simplex m/c? Ans. 4-over 4

93. What is the drafting system in our Butex lab in a ring frame? Ans. 3-over 3

94.Action of carding m/c?

Ans.  combing (feed R/r & taker in)

      carding(flat & Cylinder)

      stripping(Taker in & Cylinder)

      doffing(cylinder & doffer)

95.Task of simplex m/c? / task of ring frame? Note..2 are different but there task are same.

Ans.1.Creeling

2.Drafting

3.Twisting

4.Winding

5.Lifting

6.Doffing